Serialization
This page describes a JSON-based serialization format to write a whole tournament to a file.
Basic format
All of the data types in the schema for an object are either native JSON data types or references to other object types.
Indeed, native JSON data types serialize as you would expect in JSON; object types defined here serialize as JSON objects with a few extra fields.
The top level of the JSON file must be an object with keys for version (the current version is 2.1.1), and objects, an array of objects; among these objects, there should be exactly one object of type Tournament and any number of other objects.
The file's extension should be .qbj and its MIME type should be application/vnd.quizbowl.qbj+json.
Objects
Every object at the top level of the JSON file must include a type field with its type as a string. The object may include an id field with a unique identifier as a string. If the object is referenced by a reference elsewhere in the file, it must include an id field, and the contents of the field must be unique among objects of the same type.
Objects defined within other objects may include a type field and an id field.
The same id must not be defined more than once in a file.
References
Wherever an object includes another object as a field, it may substitute a "reference object" for the definition if the other object is defined with an id elsewhere in the file. Likewise, if an object includes an array of other objects, it may substitute an array of reference objects.
A reference object has one key called $ref with a value of the id of the object to which it points, so if you have an object defined in one place:
{
"id": "team_1",
"type": "Team",
"name": "Team 1",
"players": [...]
}
you can reference it elsewhere in the file with a reference object:
{ "$ref": "team_1" }
Dangling references
In the interest of incremental data transfer, it is not considered an data format error to have a reference from an object to another object that isn't defined in the file. If the receiving end of the data transfer parses the file and cannot resolve the references, it should fail with an application-level error.
Minimal example
That's a lot of really specific-sounding technical jargon. But the whole format plays out pretty straightforwardly in practice. Here's an example of a very small tournament, also available for download:
{
"version": "1.3",
"objects": [
{
"id": "school_lake_worth",
"type": "Registration",
"name": "Lake Worth",
"teams": [
{
"id": "team_887039",
"name": "Lake Worth A",
"players": [
{
"id": "player_634094",
"name": "Raquel Kuvalis",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_443048",
"name": "Selina Koch",
"year": 12
},
{
"id": "player_833136",
"name": "Daryl Lind",
"year": 12
},
{
"id": "player_676301",
"name": "Keira Anderson",
"year": 12
},
{
"id": "player_578732",
"name": "Stephania Davis",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_354730",
"name": "Jeff Spinka",
"year": 9
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "school_lomax",
"type": "Registration",
"name": "Lomax",
"teams": [
{
"id": "team_416211",
"name": "Lomax A",
"players": [
{
"id": "player_182776",
"name": "Clarabelle Fadel",
"year": 9
},
{
"id": "player_8995",
"name": "Flo Ondricka",
"year": 12
},
{
"id": "player_400431",
"name": "Earline Connelly",
"year": 10
},
{
"id": "player_969981",
"name": "Morgan Torp",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_556637",
"name": "Melyssa Nikolaus",
"year": 9
}
]
},
{
"id": "team_985424",
"name": "Lomax B",
"players": [
{
"id": "player_289629",
"name": "Charlotte Berge",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_644465",
"name": "Chelsey Cartwright",
"year": 10
},
{
"id": "player_999928",
"name": "Laurie Thiel",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_571162",
"name": "Rene Abernathy",
"year": 10
},
{
"id": "player_179810",
"name": "Wilburn McGlynn",
"year": 12
}
]
},
{
"id": "team_190740",
"name": "Lomax C",
"players": [
{
"id": "player_791350",
"name": "Zechariah Yundt",
"year": 12
},
{
"id": "player_630847",
"name": "Angelina Denesik",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_774971",
"name": "Emie Goodwin",
"year": 9
},
{
"id": "player_902051",
"name": "Macie Carter",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_14538",
"name": "Tyreek Abbott",
"year": 11
},
{
"id": "player_393738",
"name": "Asha Hessel",
"year": 9
},
{
"id": "player_479053",
"name": "Candelario Ortiz",
"year": 10
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "game_1_lake_worth_a_lomax_b",
"type": "Match",
"tossups_read": 21,
"overtime_tossups_read": 0,
"location": "Room 1",
"serial": "1-1",
"match_teams": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"points": 335,
"match_players": [
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_833136"
},
"tossups_heard": 11,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 1
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_578732"
},
"tossups_heard": 11,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 1
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
"tossups_heard": 21,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 4
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_634094"
},
"tossups_heard": 21,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 3
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_354730"
},
"tossups_heard": 0,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
"tossups_heard": 20,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 3
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
}
],
"lineups": [
{
"first_question": 1,
"reason": "initial",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_634094"
},
{
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
{
"$ref": "player_833136"
},
{
"$ref": "player_676301"
}
]
},
{
"first_question": 11,
"reason": "halftime",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_634094"
},
{
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
{
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
{
"$ref": "player_578732"
}
]
},
{
"first_question": 21,
"reason": "own_timeout",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_833136"
},
{
"$ref": "player_578732"
},
{
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
{
"$ref": "player_634094"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"points": 125,
"match_players": [
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_179810"
},
"tossups_heard": 11,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_999928"
},
"tossups_heard": 21,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 2
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
"tossups_heard": 21,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 2
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 2
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_289629"
},
"tossups_heard": 11,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 2
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_571162"
},
"tossups_heard": 20,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
}
],
"lineups": [
{
"first_question": 1,
"reason": "initial",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_289629"
},
{
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
{
"$ref": "player_999928"
},
{
"$ref": "player_571162"
}
]
},
{
"first_question": 11,
"reason": "halftime",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_179810"
},
{
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
{
"$ref": "player_571162"
},
{
"$ref": "player_999928"
}
]
},
{
"first_question": 21,
"reason": "other_timeout",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_179810"
},
{
"$ref": "player_999928"
},
{
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
{
"$ref": "player_289629"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"match_questions": [
{
"question_number": 1,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 2,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 3,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_833136"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 4,
"bonus_points": 30,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 5,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_289629"
},
"result": {
"value": -5
}
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 6,
"bonus_points": 0,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_833136"
},
"result": {
"value": -5
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 7,
"bonus_points": 20,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_289629"
},
"result": {
"value": -5
}
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
"result": {
"value": 15
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 8,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_289629"
},
"result": {
"value": 15
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 9,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_999928"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 10,
"bonus_points": 20,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 11,
"bonus_points": 30,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_179810"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 12,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_634094"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 13,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_999928"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 14,
"bonus_points": 0,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_578732"
},
"result": {
"value": -5
}
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_571162"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 15,
"bonus_points": 0,
"buzzes": []
},
{
"question_number": 16,
"bonus_points": 0,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 17,
"bonus_points": 30,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
"result": {
"value": -5
}
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_634094"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 18,
"bonus_points": 20,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_634094"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 19,
"bonus_points": 20,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_443048"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 20,
"bonus_points": 30,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
},
{
"question_number": 21,
"bonus_points": 10,
"buzzes": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_985424"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_644465"
},
"result": {
"value": -5
}
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_887039"
},
"player": {
"$ref": "player_676301"
},
"result": {
"value": 10
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "game_1_lomax_a_lomax_c",
"type": "Match",
"tossups_read": 24,
"overtime_tossups_read": 0,
"location": "Room 0",
"serial": "1-2",
"match_teams": [
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_416211"
},
"points": 305,
"match_players": [
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_400431"
},
"tossups_heard": 24,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 2
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 2
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_182776"
},
"tossups_heard": 22,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 3
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_969981"
},
"tossups_heard": 24,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 4
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_556637"
},
"tossups_heard": 14,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 2
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_8995"
},
"tossups_heard": 12,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 1
}
]
}
],
"lineups": [
{
"first_question": 1,
"reason": "initial",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_182776"
},
{
"$ref": "player_8995"
},
{
"$ref": "player_400431"
},
{
"$ref": "player_969981"
}
]
},
{
"first_question": 11,
"reason": "other_timeout",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_8995"
},
{
"$ref": "player_556637"
},
{
"$ref": "player_400431"
},
{
"$ref": "player_969981"
}
]
},
{
"first_question": 13,
"reason": "halftime",
"players": [
{
"$ref": "player_400431"
},
{
"$ref": "player_182776"
},
{
"$ref": "player_969981"
},
{
"$ref": "player_556637"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"team": {
"$ref": "team_190740"
},
"points": 200,
"match_players": [
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_902051"
},
"tossups_heard": 24,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 3
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 1
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_630847"
},
"tossups_heard": 24,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 1
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_14538"
},
"tossups_heard": 12,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 0
}
]
},
{
"player": {
"$ref": "player_774971"
},
"tossups_heard": 24,
"answer_counts": [
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 10
},
"number": 1
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": 15
},
"number": 0
},
{
"answer_type": {
"value": -5
},
"number": 1
}
]
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},
{
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{
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],
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{
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]
}
]
}
Larger example
The complete data file for the 2014 HSNCT is 7 MB of JSON, or about 325 KB zipped.